Sms Banking

Manoj V, Bramhe/International Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol. 3 (6), 2011, 472-479 SMS BASED SECURE MOBILE BANKING Manoj V, Bramhe Department of Information Technology, RTM Nagpur college St. Vincent Pallotti College of Engg. What's more, Technology, Nagpur, India [emailâ protected] com Abstract†M-banking has developed as one of the primary division of m-trade. Portable financial administrations comprises of data request, warnings and cautions, applications and installment move. Portable based application is utilized for interfacing client handset with bank server for all such services.Current M-banking applications utilized by banks are confronting security challenges for installment move banks are utilizing secure installment door and other safety efforts which builds cost and framework for bank yet significant everyday financial applications are requests, warnings and alarms. The issue with current financial applications is that they send information straightforwa rdly to client in plain content structure trading off with security. We present SMS based secure versatile financial which improves security with least cost.In this methodology bank shrouds client exchange information is secure SMS utilizing AES symmetric cryptographic calculation and send it client application upheld handset. Client application decodes information in secure way. Catchphrases: M-banking, MD5, AES, MPIN I. Presentation M-banking framework is one which gives all every day banking tasks to client with a single tick of his versatile handset with bolstered application. M-banking framework can possibly give access or conveyance of quite certain and exceptionally essential data to client as given in [2].Growth in the M-Banking is driven by different offices like accommodation of banking tasks, more prominent reach to shoppers and Integration of other m-business administrations with portable banking. In M-banking there is no spot limitation, it is profoundly infiltration co efficient as development of cell phones are more than PCs, it is completely customized and private expanding exchange genuineness and is 100% accessible all the time with clients. Notwithstanding, there are a few provokes that should be routed to totally use the advantages of the M-Banking like handset similarity, security, versatility, reliability.Due to increment being used of portable handsets for some m-trade applications, Chances of versatile hacking for money related advantages are intensely expanded. At present for the most part all banks in India and outside are sending text SMS straightforwardly to the client handset for fundamental bank administrations with no security which can be gotten to by any malevolent individual and can utilize this data for gaining admittance to client account. OTA (Over-the-air) portable information can be hacked in arrange way from bank to client versatile handset including MPIN, a secret phrase use for client recognizable proof in M-banking.Thu s there is a need of secure and practical arrangement which can be effortlessly given on a wide range of handsets. Our goal is to give savvy, secure, quick M-banking arrangement joining highlights of cryptography. In this paper we have introduced SMS based secure portable managing an account with least cost utilizing cryptography. II. M-BANKING CHANNELS M-banking can be executed utilizing different channels like SMS, USSD, GPRS, WAP; Phone based Application, SIM Application. These channels are utilized independently or consolidated for different financial tasks ISSN : 0975-4024 Dec 2011-Jan 2012 472Manoj V, Bramhe/International Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol. 3 (6), 2011, 472-479 A. Short Message Service (SMS) SMS is the least complex type of portable banking. It is generally utilized for data based administrations. SMS has the most extreme reach among purchasers since all the cell phones bolster SMS. Short messages are put away and sent by SMS focuses. These messages hav e some security issues. B. Unstructured Supplementary Services Delivery (USSD) USSD is an innovation one of a kind to GSM. It is an ability incorporated with the GSM standard for help of transmitting data over the flagging channels of the GSM network.USSD gives meeting based correspondence. Turnaround reaction times for intuitive applications are shorter for USSD than SMS. In USSD, the collaboration is as a consistent meeting instead of SMS. USSD is accessible on all handsets. C. Remote Application Protocol (WAP)/General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) GPRS is a parcel exchanged information administration accessible to GSM clients. GPRS empowers administrations, for example, WAP get to, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), and Internet correspondence administrations, for example, email and World Wide Web access in cell phones. . WAP is remote application convention utilized over GPRS. It is like Internet banking.The consumer’s handset should be WAP empowered. WAP banking is availa ble to comparative dangers as Internet banking. D. Telephone based Application Phone based applications are created in different dialects like J2ME, . NET having points of interest that it can utilize GPRS, USSD or SMS, MMS to convey the customer information/guidance in a scrambled configuration and it is administrator free. These are secure application which dwells on upheld handset. E. SIM Application Tool Kit The SIM Application Toolkit takes into account the specialist co-op or bank to house the consumer’s portable financial menu inside the SIM card. STK is the most secure strategy for portable banking.It permits the bank to stack its own encryption keys onto the SIM card with the bank’s own created application. III. CURRENT M-BANKING Even however different channels are accessible for M-banking the majority of the banks utilizes SMS as essential and modest channel for fundamental financial activities. Right now all banks in India like ICICI, HSBC, SBI and so on are not utilizing any encryption procedures in SMS based M-banking framework. They are utilizing basic content based SMS for client questions in which they straightforwardly send account data to client just concealing a few digits of record number which can be handily hacked by any programmer or seen by anybody from message inbox.Even however a few banks do give some other channel like GPRS and WAP yet cost of usage is more and these offices are not accessible on a wide range of versatile handset along these lines there is a need of secure and savvy arrangement which can be effectively given on a wide range of handsets. A. Issues in M-banking 1) Lack of Standards: The absence of gauges offers ascend to parcel of neighborhood and divided adaptations of m-installments offered by various partners. Norms need to address security and protection worries of clients just as interoperability between different usage. ) Device imperatives: There are specialized issues identified with the cell pho nes . The cell phones experiences different obliges like less preparing force and memory, data transmission, short battery life , visit disengagements, little screens, poor goals and protection issues. 3) Security Issues: Securing m-Commerce is much more troublesome than wired exchange. Gadget requirements bring up the issues regarding whether there will be sufficient security for clients without bargaining the convenience and speed.Current constant M-banking use of different banks utilizes plain instant messages with no security calculation for sending information consequently any vindictive client can get to client significant information on portable and utilized it for pernicious reason in this manner direct sending of information isn't suggestible for M-banking. SMS are inclined to mocking and there are issues identified with SMS encryption. Anyway innovation producers are creating improved security for applications with verification and encryption advancements and numerous case s that the ISSN : 0975-4024Dec 2011-Jan 2012 473 Manoj V, Bramhe/International Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol. 3 (6), 2011, 472-479 exchange utilizing cell phone is completely secure. There are numerous methods for secure M-banking activities yet significant research work has been done on Cryptography and steganography procedures. Cryptography is a procedure of changing over plaintext information into figure text utilizing cryptographic calculations. They guarantee fundamental security prerequisites like verification, privacy, honesty and non-renouncement. B. Nuts and bolts of Short Message ServiceShort Message Service (SMS) is the capacity to send and get instant messages to and from cell phones. SMS was propelled as a piece of GSM1 standard. Each short message is up to 160 characters long. The 160 characters can include words, numbers, or accentuation images. Short Message Service is a store and forward help; this implies messages are not sent legitimately to the benefi ciary yet by means of a system SMS Center. SMS contains two fundamental point-to-point benefits as Mobile-began short message (MO-SM) and Mobile-ended short message (MT-SM).Mobile-started short messages are moved from MOcapable handset to SMSC though Mobile-ended short messages are moved from SMSC to the handsets. The figure no. 1 shows a common association of system components in a GSM arrange supporting SMS. Fig. 1. Essential model of SMS based M-banking The advantages of SMS to supporters are accommodation, adaptability, and consistent coordination of informing administrations and information get to, conveyance of notices and alarms, ensured message convey, solid, minimal effort correspondence component, expanded endorser efficiency, conveyance of messages to ultiple endorsers one after another. The SMSC (Short Message Service Center) is the element which carries out the responsibility of store and forward of messages to and from the portable station. The SME (Short Message Entit y), which is regularly a cell phone or a GSM modem, can be situated in the fixed system or a versatile station, gets or sends SMS. The SMSC for the most part makes some configurable memories limit for to what extent it will store the message. SMS Gateway SMS Gateway is an interface between programming applications versatile networks.An SMS Gateway permits interfacing programming applications to send as well as get SMS messages over

Kingdoms of Life Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Realms of Life - Assignment Example Life pattern of intestinal sickness parasite comprises of two hosts. During the time spent blood dinner, female Anopheles mosquito that is jungle fever tainted infuses sporozoites into its host (human) (stage 1). Immunized sporozoites at that point taint cells of the liver (stage 2) and form into schizonts (stage 3), which at last burst and release merozoites (stage 4). Merozoites are liable for diseases in red platelets. RhizopusThe life pattern of Rhizopus nigricans (dark bread form) is indistinguishable with a few individuals from phylum Zygomycota. Shape encounters both incessant times of sexual and abiogenetic proliferation. Gametangia consolidate (meld) in the principal proliferation stage (sexual). The outcomes from these combinations are Zygosporangium, which at that point frames a thick coat anticipating good conditions to continue further with advancement. Ideal conditions will give path for germination of zygosporangium into sporangium. At long last, abiogenetic proliferat ion follows. In agamic proliferation, sporangium produces spores, which are eventually scattered. FernFerns have sporangia that are answerable for creation of spores (stage 1). Through meiosis, spores, connoted considerably the chromosomes of parent plant, are delivered (stage 2). Created spores are then discharged to the air. On the off chance that they land on soil with appropriate developing conditions, they form into gametophytes (which are totally isolated greenery plants). FrogThe life cycle starts with mating process-regularly alluded to as amplexus (stage 1). The procedure can last various days.

Management of Working Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The executives of Working Capital - Essay Example A conversation identifying with working capital cycle, strategies for overseeing working capital, working capital administration in UK organizations and recommendations for development has been introduced underneath. The working capital of the business is characterized as the net of current resources over current liabilities. It is a significant liquidity proportion of the firm. The present resources incorporate money, receivables yet in addition inventories as it tends to be handily exchanged while the present liabilities incorporate transient advances and leasers (University of California, n.d.). A business with rare working capital faces trouble in meeting its transient commitments from the accessible money assets if there is an unexpected or persistent fall in deals. In this way, it is imperative to keep up an ideal measure of working capital in the business and it must be deliberately checked by the supervisors (Nix and McFetridge, n.d.). Working capital structures a significant piece of a firm’s tasks. Keeping up a perfect degree of stock guarantees that the firm doesn't need to confront the issue of material shortage in meeting its creation targets. Also the receivables figure to be determined sheet shows the readiness of the firm to broaden merchandise using a credit card. As credit deal is hazardous the administration must be cautious in the selection of account holders. Working capital comprises of current resources like money, stock and current obligation like leasers and transient credits. The example of all the above segments of working capital differs with the business cycle. When there is a fall in the market request there is an ascent in the supply of completed products. Later when this fall sought after appears as downturn the firm brings down the supply of inventories, defers the installment of advances and quickens the acknowledgment of receivables. This suggests with the compounding of the downturn there is a diminishing in the working capital. Along these lines the effective administration of working

Types of Entrepreneurs Free Essays

Sorts of Entrepreneurs 1. Great Entrepreneur. Needs to advance, become large and rake in boatloads of cash. We will compose a custom article test on Sorts of Entrepreneurs or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The great business visionary isn't keen on beginning a business to give herself work. On the off chance that you need to begin an organization, make it gainful and sell it, at that point you are an exemplary sequential business visionary. The SAC Entrepreneurship and Innovation Program needs to ensure that everybody comprehends Classical Entrepreneurship. Most junior college business visionary projects center around private company improvement. Numerous colleges show business enterprise, however from a hypothetical perspective. 2. Private venture Entrepreneur. Additionally know as a pay substitution business person. This would incorporate most family claimed organizations and establishments. In the event that you open up a little single eatery, or purchase a Pizza Hut establishment, you are a little specialist, however not an exemplary business visionary. On the off chance that you purchase an establishment you are executing somebody else’s plan. Numerous individuals start a private company to give themselves a vocation. In the event that you start a private company or purchase an establishment, you have to concentrate independent venture proprietorship and there are heaps of school classes on independent venture possession, the board, bookkeeping and promoting, however these classes won't instruct you to be an exemplary business visionary. You can likewise find support from the Small Business Administration (SBA) and the SBDC (Small Business Development Center). We have a SBDC here in Santa Ana. Staggered Marketing (MLM) is a sort of entrepreneur. On the off chance that you sell extra security or land you are an entrepreneur. For instance, numerous legal counselors, handymen and greens keepers start their own independent ventures. See the book, The E-Myth Revisited by Michael Gerber. 3. Way of life Entrepreneur. These are business visionaries that affection what they would and like to carry on with a specific way of life. They are typically not as propelled by cash as different business visionaries. They are happy to make forfeits so as to remain with something they love and to lead a specific way of life. For instance, no-nonsense surfers may begin a little surf shop realizing they will never get a lot of cash-flow monetarily yet in addition realize they will be outside in the riding scene they love. Ferriss in the 4 Hour Workweek is a Lifestyle Entrepreneur that is likewise a Classic Entrepreneur and an Income-Stream Entrepreneur and a Global Entrepreneur. One explanation I love to show school and not specialize in legal matters is that I like the way of life of a school teacher. . Social Entrepreneur. Social Entrepreneurs need to bring in cash, yet additionally need to spare the world. They are propelled by cash yet additionally need to accomplish something great or supportive. They frequently need to follow the triple main concern. The customary primary concern for a business is Profits. Social Entrepreneurs are inspired by the triple primary concern: Profits, People and Pla net. Social Entrepreneurs will in general be hopeful. Numerous youthful business visionaries are keen on Social Entrepreneurship. â€Å"Green† Businesses are frequently begun by Social Entrepreneurs. Social business visionaries are still revenue driven organizations, however they have a portion of the attributes of not-revenue driven partnerships. Here is the thing that Wikipedia needs to state about social business: Social Entrepreneurship is crafted by social business visionaries. A social business visionary perceives a social issue and uses innovative standards to arrange, make and deal with a dare to accomplish social change (a social endeavor). While a business person commonly gauges execution in benefit and return, a social business visionary spotlights on making social capital. In this way, the fundamental point of social business enterprise is to assist social and ecological objectives. Social business people are most regularly connected with the intentional and not-revenue driven segments [1], however this need not block making a benefit. Social business enterprise rehearsed with a world view or worldwide setting is called global social business. [2 5. Not-revenue driven Entrepreneur. These are business visionaries that are completely keen on accomplishing something accommodating and improving the world a spot. All things considered, somebody needed to begin the Red Cross or Big Brothers/Big Sisters. Non-Profits can be huge organizations and pay a great deal in pay rates; they just can't make a benefit. Diminish Drucker, a standout amongst other business minds ever, has composed that he imagines that Not-revenue driven organizations are the most fascinating of all types of business and he thinks they have the most effect. 6. Worldwide Entrepreneurs. A few people start organizations since they love to go and need to collaborate with individuals in different nations. In the mid 1990’s I began a little exchanging organization to work together Indonesia. For a brief timeframe I went to and fro and lived and worked in Southern California and Jakarta. Worldwide Entrepreneurs consolidate an adoration for enterprise and universal business. 7. Science/Technology Entrepreneurs. Much development comes out of new logical revelations and innovative disclosures †think the Internet or mapping human’s DNA. Think designers and Silicon Valley. At the point when you express the word business enterprise to individuals, many consider beginning an organization that utilizes some kind of innovation. 8. Copycat Entrepreneurs. Disregard all the discussion about advancement and innovativeness, you bring in cash by finding a decent business and making sense of how to make little yet huge changes or enhancements in that business with your new business. You can begin a Copycat business decently fast. Copycat Entrepreneurs center around operational greatness and execution insight. 9. Imaginative Entrepreneurs. A few business people are â€Å"right brained† business people †craftsmanship, music and structure business visionaries. Regularly they make and gain from a non-direct visual perspective. Their book is The Creative Entrepreneur by Linda Beam. 10. Intrapraneurs. On the off chance that you work for an organization, yet have a high level of self-sufficiency, you are an intrapraneur. Envision that you work for Motorola, an exceptionally huge partnership. In any case, you run a division and at regular intervals your division structures a venture and contends with different divisions for the funding to do that venture. You are acting like a business visionary despite the fact that you don't possess the business. The word intrapraneur is out of design in the scholarly world today. As an educator, I am an intrapraneur †I have a high level of self-sufficiency, however I don’t own the school. 11. Salary Stream Entrepreneur. An Income Stream Entrepreneur isn't hoping to work in the business made. An Income Stream Entrepreneur may have a vocation and is simply searching for additional cash. The Rich Dad Poor Dad books ramble about making pay streams. A simple model is somebody that makes a decent salary stream by selling uncommon comic books on EBay. Investment properties that have a positive income additionally make a salary stream. The most effective method to refer to Types of Entrepreneurs, Essay models

Phobia of Self-Promotion How It Could Be Hurting You

Phobia of Self-Promotion How It Could Be Hurting You Phobias Types Print Fear of Self-Promotion: How It Could Be Hurting You Learn How to Promote Yourself at Work and In Your Personal Life By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 08, 2019 eclipse_images/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment If youre afraid to highlight your own positive traits, you could be suffering from a fear of self-promotion.  Although the fear of self-promotion does not have an official phobia name, its a devastating yet common fear that can wreak havoc on your daily life. People who are afraid to self-promote could be passed over for job promotions, miss opportunities to connect with potential dates and avoid possibly fulfilling hobbies. So its worthwhile to ease this fear in yourself. Imposter Syndrome A fear of self-promotion  is related to imposter syndrome, an unofficial but heavily researched psychological issue.  Both men and women can suffer from imposter syndrome, although men may be less likely to own up to it.  If you suffer from this disorder, you hold a deep-seated belief that no matter how good your achievements, you will ultimately be discovered as a fraud.   There are a variety of ways in which this fear might present itself. You might intentionally or subconsciously downplay your achievements. You might look to others to validate your own sense of self-worth as an intelligent, competent human being. You may be reluctant to subject yourself to scrutiny. In fact, you may be hypersensitive to criticism, seeing it as proof of your incompetence. How a Fear of Self-Promotion Can Hurt You The effects of the fear of self-promotion depend largely on your individual circumstances.  Singers, actors, musicians, writers and other artists must constantly self-promote, convincing agents and audiences of their talent. But virtually any career can be derailed by the fear of self-promotion. Whether you are climbing a corporate ladder or contemplating going into business for yourself, marketing is a key component of success. People with the fear of self-promotion tend to self-select into low-level jobs that reward conformity and discourage ambition, even if they find the work boring or unfulfilling. Fear of self-promotion can also wreak havoc on your personal life. Confidence is an important quality in a potential mate, whether male or female. First dates require a delicate balance: presenting your best self while avoiding sounding like youre bragging. Even landing that first date can be challenging if youre afraid of letting others know whats unique or special about you. Fears of Failure and Success The fear of self-promotion is often intertwined with the twin fears of failure and success. To promote yourself is to take a risk, putting yourself out there for others to judge. That first step often leads to one of two outcomes: success or failure. The fears of failure and success sometimes exist in one person at the same time. When coupled with a fear of self-promotion, virtually every decision that you make must be carefully measured. Its easy to find yourself literally frozen, unable to make even the smallest decisions on your own. Treating the Fear of Self-Promotion The fear of self-promotion, like most fears, seems to respond well to cognitive-behavioral techniques. Exploratory or psychodynamic psychotherapy may also be helpful in understanding possible underlying conflicts leading to this issue. Affirmations are simple but powerful statements that can help change your thinking. Here are a few examples that might help you overcome a fear of self-promotion: I have something unique to offer.I am talented, intelligent and capable.I am no better or worse than the person I need to impress. We are both human beings. You can also write your own affirmations. If your fear hinges on a particular self-doubt or a particular situation, write an affirmation that addresses your situation. Read or recite your affirmations at least once a day, preferably more. Looking at yourself in the mirror can help the affirmation sink in. The goal is to replace your negative self-talk with positive messages and repeat those messages until you genuinely believe them. Sometimes the fear of self-promotion is deeply rooted in other fears or beliefs about yourself. If your fear is limiting your life, or you are unable to work through it on your own, consider seeking treatment. A therapist can help you sort out the issues involved in your fear and develop a treatment plan to overcome them. The fear of self-promotion can be challenging, but with hard work and a bit of help, there is no reason that you should continue to suffer.

Source Documents Essay - 275 Words

Source Documents (Essay Sample) Content: Source documentInsert nameInsert institutionIntroductionThe source document is a basis upon which business transactions are recorded upon the basis. They are always retained to be used as an as evidence when the company's financial statement is being reviewed by auditors, and they need adequate verification that transaction did occur. Source documents contain information like the following: A description of a business transaction, the date of the sale as well as a specific amount of money and an authorizing signature. All this is for the purpose of records and ensuring that there are transparency and accountability in any operation conducted by an organization.The article the Book of accounting and source document, there are various merits of source documents that are discussed. About this, the article explains that missing a source document in any transaction can lead to frauds and corruption that cannot be traced. However, the article elaborates on the merits of ke eping the source document ('Editionen / Source Document', 2000). For instance, the article states that source documents serve as evidence in case any auditing exercise is to be carried out by the external or internal auditor.The article also relates to proper documentation in that; it elaborates the merits that one will attain in keeping proper books of accounts. For instance, ledger account is will help an organization to summarize and put together different transactions that are related to the same item that is helpful in preparing financial statements. That is, while preparing a financial statement, one will require the total decrease or increase in an item account during a particular accounting period.Source documents, therefore, are tangible documents that an organization needs to put into consideration for it will help save time and cost (Warner, 2004). Moreover, source documents will enable an organization to keep records and gauge whether one is making profits or losses in a given transaction. Therefore, source documents will help a firm in ensuring that there are effectiveness and efficiency in all of its financial transactions.

An Education in Escape Madame Bovary and Reading - 759 Words

An Education in Escape: Madame Bovary and Reading A theme throughout Flauberts Madame Bovary is escape versus confinement. In the novel Emma Bovary attempts again and again to escape the ordinariness of her life by reading novels, having affairs, day dreaming, moving from town to town, and buying luxuries items. It is Emmas early education described for an entire chapter by Flaubert that awakens in Emma a struggle against what she perceives as confinement. Emmas education at the convent is perhaps the most significant development of the dichotomy in the novel between confinement and escape. The convent is Emmas earliest confinement, and it is the few solicitations from the outside world that intrigue Emma, the books smuggled†¦show more content†¦Emma Bovary found interest in the things around her which prevent her boredom in her early education it was the novels she read, They were filled with love affairs, lovers, mistresses, persecuted ladies fainting in lonely country houses. She also found interest in the sea but only because it was stormy. But all the things that Emma found interest in she soon became board of from Charles to Leon. This cycle of boredom and the progression of images of confinement, escape, and chaos, parallel both in the Chapter on Emmas education and the novel as a whole the entire mural of the novel as Emmas journey from boredom in reality to self-destruction in fantasy. Footnote1 Flaubert, Gustave. MADAME BOVARY. trans. Lowell Bair. New York: Bantam Books,Show MoreRelatedComparing and Contrasting Anna Karenina and Madam Bovary7118 Words   |  29 PagesKarenina and Madame Bovary are two novels written in two different languages, around the same time period (late 1800s). Though they belong to two separate countries and are separated in history by a margin of about twenty five years, their socio political setting, and situational complexities are quite similar. ‘Madam Bovary’ takes us on a journey through the life of the extremely complex character of Emma Bovary, who has adulterous affairs and lives beyond her means in order to escape the banalitiesRead MoreFahrenheit 451: The Future is Now Essay2640 Words   |  11 Pagesquestion, a mindless automaton piloted by the self-interested ideas of a totalitarian government. Over the course of the film, symbols and instances of censorship have made themselves more than clear. Many of the books shown burning—such as â€Å"Madame Bovary and Lolita†Ã¢â‚¬â€were, in their own histories, victims of censorship. The entire idea of book burning, in fact, is a form of censorship utilized by cultures throughout the course of history, notably the book burnings that took place in communist RussiaRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 PagesIn some novels this five-stage structure is repeated in many of the individual chapters, while the novel as a whole builds on a series of increasing conflicts and crises. Such a structure is found both in such classics of fiction as Flaubert’s â€Å"Madame Bovary† and in the adventure thrillers of Alistar MacLean. EXPOSITION: The exposition is the beginning section in which the author provides the necessary background information, sets the scene, establishes the situation, and dates the action. It mayRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagescinematographic narrative, the time it takes to see it, etc. In still photography, by contrast, what is represented is a point in time that has been frozen; the viewer s intake is also supposed to be instantaneous; and, even when it is prolonged, it is not a reading of the signifiers in a single, controlled order of concatenations. It is within the framework of this opposition between the narrative and the image that one can perhaps explain the awkward, hybrid position of description. We all assume that description

Definition and Examples of Baby Talk

Baby talk refers to the simple language forms used by young children, or the modified form of speech often used by adults with young children. Also known as motherese or caregiver speech. Early research talked of motherese, notes Jean Aitchison. This left out fathers and friends, so caretaker speech became the fashionable term, later amended to caregiver speech, and in academic publications, to CDS child-directed speech Examples and Observations Eloise Robinson and John Redhead Froome, Jr. As I mounted the porch steps I could hear Miss Altheas voice through the open window. She was apparently, I regret to say, speaking to Mabel, for her words had a soft, cooing sound and were such that, were it not for the sake of veracity, I should be inclined to omit them. Is muvvers ittle cutey takin its ittle beauty nap after its din-din? Did it like its din-din? Good din-din with chicken in it for ittle cutey baby! Thats right, take its ittle beauty nap till its muvver turns down. She wont be long--wont be long! Muvvers ittle sleepin beauty, ittle cutey beauty! There was more of the same or a similar, variety to which my decisive ring at the door-bell put a hasty end. –Dead Dog, 1918 Lawrence Balter Linguists who have studied the structure of baby talk words have pointed out that there are some typical sound change rules that relate the baby talk word to its adult equivalent. For instance, reduction of the word to a shorter form is common, as is reduplication of the short form, hence, words such as din din and bye bye. It is not clear, however, how some baby talk words were derived: no simple rule explains how rabbits turned into bunnies.Although there is a traditional baby talk vocabulary, almost any word in English can be turned into a baby talk word by the addition of a diminutive ending, -ie: foot becomes footie, shirt becomes shirtie, and so forth. These diminutive endings convey affectionate as well as size connotations. –Parenthood in America., 2000 Sara Thorne Baby words like doggie or moo-cow do not help a child to learn language more efficiently. The reduplication of sounds in words like baba and dada, on the other hand, does enable babies to communicate because the words are easy to say. –Mastering Advanced English Language, 2008 Charles A. Ferguson [T]he reduplication in baby talk is generally separate and unrelated to the use in the normal language. Reduplication can probably be regarded as a feature of baby talk throughout the world. –Baby Talk in Six Languages, 1996 J. Madeleine Nash When speaking to babies, Stanford University psychologist Anne Fernald has found, mothers and fathers from many cultures change their speech patterns in the same peculiar ways. They put their faces very close to the child, she reports. They use shorter utterances, and they speak in an unusually melodious fashion. –Fertile Minds, 1997 Jean Aitchison Caregiver speech can be odd. Some parents are more concerned with truth than with language. The ill-formed Daddy hat on might meet with approval, Yes, thats right, if daddy was wearing a hat. But the well-formed Daddys got a hat on might meet with disapproval, No, thats wrong, if daddy wasnt wearing a hat. You might expect children to grow up telling the truth, but speaking ungrammatically, as some early researchers pointed out. In fact, the opposite happens. –The Language Web: The Power and Problem of Words, 1997 Debra L. Roter and Judith A. Hall Caporael (1981) focused on the use of displaced baby talk to the institutionalized elderly. Baby talk is a simplified speech pattern with distinctive paralinguistic features of high pitch and exaggerated intonation contour that is usually associated with speech to young children. More than 22% of speech to residents in one nursing home was identified as baby talk. Further, even talk from caregivers to the elderly that was not identified as baby talk was more likely to be judged as directed toward a child than was talk between caregivers. The investigators concluded that this phenomenon is widespread and that baby talk directed toward elderly adults was not a result of fine tuning of speech to individual needs or characteristics of a particular patient, but rather a function of social stereotyping of the elderly. –Doctors Talking With Patients/Patients Talking With Doctors, 2006 Topher Grace (as Eric) You know, mom, there comes an age in a boys life when the baby talk stops working. Yeah, when it does, it just gives a boy the urge to kill. –That 70s Show, 2006

Innovative Construction Techniques And New Technologies

San Jose State University Innovative Construction Products, Techniques or New Technologies to Achieve Credits towards LEED Certification of a Building Hanna Saed CE 237 Sustainable Construction Professor Charles Weston 4 November 2014 November 4, 2014 Professor Charles Weston San Jose State University, Charles W. Davidson College of Engineering San Jose, CA 95192 Dear Professor, With great pleasure I submit this semester paper that we have been assigned as an essential requirement for this course, Sustainable Construction. I found the study to be quite interesting, beneficial and knowledgeable. I have tried my best to prepare an effective and creditable paper. This paper is about products, construction techniques and new†¦show more content†¦My results fell into the LEED categories as follows, one under sustainable site (Cyclepods), one under water efficiency (CISTA Rainwater Harvesting System), three under energy and atmosphere (Solar Water Heater, Solar Water Bulb and Planting trees close to buildings), four under materials and resources (ERO Robots, Bubble Deck Concrete System, Pitcher Filters and Pallet Furniture) and one under indoor environmental quality (Houseplants). The main source of gathering information was based on online research and personal knowledge from previous experiences. Some of the results showed great benefits with minimal need of financial sources to install or maintain, others were more technologically advanced, thus more expensive but served their purpose in an excellent manner in the area of their field. In conclusion, the benefits of these results affect the personal health, the environment and the eco nomy. More awareness and dedication to these studies would increase the efficiency of those products and their availability to the people. Introduction With the prosperity of economy, more facilities and infrastructure are needed to cope with the economic development. The Construction sector have an essential role in it, therefore increasing the pressure on natural resources that could affect the environment on all levels. Some guidelines were prepared by US Green Building Council (USGBC) in the form of a certification programShow MoreRelated2.3.Fusion Of Traditional And Innovative Technologies.901 Words   |  4 Pages2.3. Fusion of traditional and innovative technologies In order for innovation to take place, there is a need to examine how traditional approaches can be synthesized with new technologies, in order to attain the most efficient way possible of performing tasks. 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The Mining Boom And Western Australia s Changing...

Brueckner, M., Durey, A., Mayes, R., Pforr, C. (2013). The mining boom and Western Australia’s changing landscape: Towards sustainability or business as usual?. Rural Society, 22(2), 111-124. doi: 10.5172/rsj.2013.22.2.111 This publication processes the challenges of the Western Australian Mining Industry. The journal will focus on the economical benefits of the mining boom that occurred in the Western Australian mines, as well as, the effect it has on society and environmental challenges. The text continues to explore the indigenous stakeholders of the land where the mines have been established and their indigenous rights to the land since the 1788 ‘terra nullius’ colonisation. 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Starbucks Marketing. Free Essays

Coffee houses In the urban area were very popular. The entry strategies for Shattuck across USA and Turkey that might account for the there success was major the Cataracts experience. The experience consist of highest quality coffee from control over the quality and processing of the beans, outstanding people that were recruited and trained on knowledge of coffee along with costumer service and the design of the stores to create a cozy atmosphere with help of there sanctuary Like ambiance with Its aroma, lighting, music and dcord. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Marketing. or any similar topic only for you Order Now This basically, attracted people to socialize at Cataracts coffeehouse. ) The Core benefit from Cataracts Turkey is the deferent variety of the Coffee they serve. Actual benefits are the excellent customer service from high trained on the knowledge of coffee along with perfect cozy environment experience. Augmented benefit Is the Turkish coffee that they offer In Turkey. 3) Cataracts uses hybrid-marketing strategy in Turkey. I can claim this confidentially because along with more that 30 varieties of drinks, including espresso based coffee drinks, teas, iced coffees, made from up to 1 5 types of coffee beans, food Items, and merchandise goods, they also offered Turkish Coffee on their menu in Turkey, which Is part there heritage. 4) Market Penetration strategy: To grow the current products In Turkey, Cataracts can do the following: C] ; Encourage current customers to buy more by providing a stamp system where customer will get 1 cup coffee drink free after every 5 cups. ; Attract competitor’s customers: By providing half price offers on selected drinks. C] ; Get non-coffee drinkers to start coming by providing other local coffee substitute which will give hem opportunity to expose them to there core products. Market-Development Strategy: To launch Shattuck in new rural areas, there are three approaches that can be taken: 0 ; Perform advertisement before opening a new store to built anticipation In the surrounding people ; Prove TLS Diverge Tree at ten new location Tort a couple of days to built potential customers ; Check demographic of the location and dcord the shop accordingly to attract customer by their interests. Product-Development Strategy: If a new product is launched in the current arrest follow strategies can be approached: ; The beverage should be made according to taste of the customers ; Shattuck also introduce some local products, which are preferred with coffee by the common local community like Huzzah ; Provide free Internet in their cafà ©s to attract professional and the student coward. Diversification: If they want to launch a new product for the new market, it’s always good to keep following items in mind: ; That product should be exclusive for the locations community, which means that it should be according to their taste. Advertise the new product on large scale to make sure that community is aware of it. According to my understanding of the case, Shattuck has accomplished to penetrate the Turkish market in urban areas but there still growth potential, whereas expanding in the rural areas shouldn’t be difficult task if they reduce there prices to some extend an d follow some of the strategies mentioned above. 5) My recommendation for Cataracts Turkey to improve sales growth by little more localization while keeping hybrid strategy intact. They should introduce some more coal food items with coffee. Some of their local sweets and Hausa, which also is a long lasting heritage of Turkey and the rest of the Arab community. Like Turkish coffee is an opportunity to socialize similar smoking Hausa with friends is also very common activity in Turkish get together. This is will bring more customers to the coffee house to hang out and by multiple cups of coffee in a single visit. Also reduce price to some extend to make it affordable to a larger variety of coward as Turkey has a very uneven income distribution. How to cite Starbucks Marketing., Essays

Dracule Essay Example For Students

Dracule Essay Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good. Evil often triumphs, but never conquers. The two quotations from above explain that evil never conquers because good always overcomes it. A good example of this is the book Dracula by Bram Stoker because the author expresses the nature of good vs. evil. Dracula wants to come to London because he wants to turn everyone into vampires. The basic background of the book Dracula is when Jonathan Harker, a realtor who is sent to Transylvania to complete a transaction with Dracula so he can come to England. What Harker does not know is that Dracula has a plan for world domination. Well, while Harker is on a train to Transylvania he enters the east, a section of Europe whose peoples and customs will be for the most part, strange and unfamiliar (Dracula, 20). Harker arrives at Bistritz on the eve of St. Georges Day, a night when evil things in the world have full sway (Dracula, 21). When Harker first sees this, he is unconcerned about these superstitions. Then he sees something that is very peculiar. An old woman is very afraid of the word Dracula. She offers Harker a gift of rosary to protect him of evil spirits. After she gives him the rosary, he starts to feel uncomfortable going to the Borgo pass on the following day. The Borgo pass is very important because this is the place where Draculas carriage will await Harker. Well on the next day, a crowd of peasants gather around the carriage mumbling linguist words that seem to have some kind of link to the word vampire. Then the whole crowd makes the sign of the cross and point two fingers at Harker (Dracula, 30), to wish him a safe journey. When the carriage dashes by the country peasants, they knell and cross themselves. Until this point Jonathan Harker does not know the Dracula beckons Harker into his castle and into a horrifying adventure with the supernatural (Lidston 546). The only evil character in this book is Dracula, an old man and is clean shaven, except for a long white Victorian mustache and he is clad all in black (Dracula, 55). He speaks in perfect English and welcomes Harker inside, shaking his hand with an ice-cold, vice-like grip (Dracula, 55). Dracula explains to him that he will no be able to make the trip to London, but one of his trusted servants will be going along with Harker back to London. After supper Jonathan analyzes Dracula and notices one very strange feature, his mouth is thick and white; they cover sharp white teeth, which stick out over his lip. What Jonathan does not know is that those teeth are canine teeth only found in animals. There are exceptions, for instance, vampires have these teeth so they can puncture the humans carotid vessel in their neck and suck their blood. The first time that Jonathan sees Draculas cannibal teeth grow is when Harker starts shaving. He accidentally cuts himself and Dracula leaps for his thro at so he can suck his blood. Harker touches his crucifix and Draculas demonic fury vanishes. The strangest event that Harker notices in Draculas castle is Dracula emerge from his room on the floor below, slither out, head downward, in lizard fashion, with his cloak spread out around him like great wings (Dracula, 179). This shows that Dracula is not a person. He is a presence, an absence that requires concealing (Wolf, 368). This tells Harker that something is very wrong with this man. He recalls how the peasants behaved very strangely. Then he recalls how the woman acted when she heard the word Dracula, and after that Harker knows that this man is the fearful demon known as Count Dracula. To make sure that this man is actually a vampire who is known to be evil, he plans to encounter Dracula when it is daytime. Harker goes to Draculas room and notices that his room is empty except for a door that is partially opened. Harker goes downstairs into a basement-like area and a stench of d eath makes Harker almost vomit. At the bottom of the stairs, Harker finds fifty coffins filled with earth. In one of the coffins he finds Dracula. Jonathan said that it looked as if Draculas youth was renewed. Then Jonathan saw a very repulsive sight, Dracula had a blood in his mouth and a trickle of blood on his lip. Harker then finds a shovel and starts to slash at Dracula but after all those slashes he notices that it only grazed his forehead. He gets so scared that he runs upstairs and while on the first floor of the castle he starts to hear coffins start to open. Harker realizes that he can no longer stay in this evil damned castle. This is the beginning of the migration to England with the design of populating the country with fellow vampiresThe heroes who play a major role in killing Dracula and ending his master plan to take over the world are Mina Murray, Lucy Westenra, Arthur Holmwood, Dr. John Seward, Quincey P. Morris and Dr. Abraham Van Helsing. Mina Murray is the fianc e of Jonathan Harker; Lucy Westenra is Minas best friend and later on becomes one of the un-dead, and Arthur Holmwood is the son of Lord Godalming and later on becomes the king after his father dies. John Seward is the supervisor of the lunatic asylum; Quincey P. Morris pays for the tracking of Dracula and Dr. Abraham Van Helsing is in charge of the strategy for tracking down Cont Dracula and he knows a lot about vampirism. Mina gets a letter from Budapest saying, Jonathan is recovering in our hospital from brain fever. Please come and pick him up (Dracula, 230). Immediately after Mina receives the letter she gets ready to go to Budapest. When Mina is on her trip to pick up Jonathan, a vampire bites Lucy and her mother dies of a heart attack. Dr. Helsing is called in to check Lucy and her bite marks. He tries to give her blood transfusions but they do not help the situation. In order for the vampire, also known as Count Dracula, not to return to Lucy, her friends put garlic all over her room. When Mina and Jonathan return to London, they decide to have a walk in the park. Jonathan notices a figure that is very familiar to him, a figure that gave him the brain fever and that gave him all the nightmares, (Summers 567) that figure is Dracula. As time progresses Lucys condition worsens and soon enough they had to put her in her final resting place. Dr. Helsing notices something strange occurring to Lucy, she is turning un-dead. Arthur Holmwood and Dr. Abraham Van Helsing decide to go to Lucys grave and release her spirit. Holmwood feels like he is doing something wrong by letting her spirit be released. Dr. Helsing tells him that he is the only one that can release her spirit because he was the only one that actually knew her real well. Holmwood decides that he must do this and he drives a stake through his lovers heart, cuts off her head and stuffs garlic in her mouth. .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e , .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e .postImageUrl , .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e , .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e:hover , .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e:visited , .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e:active { border:0!important; } .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e:active , .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u75024f1e9584795360c71c5a3050de2e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Batman - The Great American Superhero EssayThe end of Dracula came soon after Mina was bitten. Dr. Helsing puts a cross on Minas forehead to see if she was borderline and it burned a crucifix right into her forehead. This proved that the only way that Mina could be returned to he normal self is by killing Dracula. Now Harker, Holmwood, Mina, Quincey, and Dr. Helsing go out to find the fifty coffins of earth. The group found forty-one of the original fifty coffins that Dracula scattered all over London so he can complete step one of his world domination. They found the coffins by hypnosis. Dr. Helsing hypnotized Mina and she was able to telepathically talk to Dracula. On Oc tober 2nd a few days after they found the forty-one coffins, Jonathan receives a letter telling him that the final nine coffins are located at Carfax. They go to Piccadilly, Draculas house in Carfax and they only find eight coffins. Dr. Helsing discovers the grave of the three female vampires Jonathan met in Draculas castle and he performs the purification ritual which puts an end to the female vampires. He then finds a large tomb more lordly than all the rest upon which is one word: Dracula (Dracula 400). Dr. Helsing crushes a holy wafer and places it in the coffin. When he leaves the castle, he places a holy material around the castle entrance so the Count can never return to it. On November 6th Dr. Helsing notices a group of gypsies around a cart. Dr. Helsing some how knows that the cart is carrying the final coffin which has Dracula inside. Arthur, Seward, Jonathan and Quincey fight the gypsies until they reach the coffin. When Quincey finally reaches the coffin, he gets stabbed by one of the gypsies. Jonathan and Quincey rip off the lid and inside they find Dracula, covered by un-holy dirt. As the sun rises, Jonathan cuts off Draculas head and Quincey drives a knife through Draculas heart. Everyone stands there to see how the body of an evil man (Maurice 758) disintegrates. Before Quincey dies, he notes that the crucifix on Minas head has disappeared meaning that the vampire curse has been lifted off of her. Mina and Jonathan got married and they named their child Quincey. Both Lord Godalming (Arthur Holmwood) got married and so did Dr. Seward. As a science fiction writer, Bram Stoker expresses that evil is always overcome by good in his masterpiece Dracula. The evil character Count Dracula is a vampire who wants to move to London and turn everyone into vampires. To demolish his plan Jonathan Harker, Mina Murray, Arthur Holmwood, Dr. Seward, Quincey P. Morris and Dr. Abraham Van Helsing come out and put an end to his world domination. Is that the end of Dracula? We will never know (Har-el). Bibliography:Works CitedLidston, Robert. Bram Stoker. World Literature Criticism. Detroit: Gale, 1992. Vol.6Lovecraft, H.P. Bram Stoker. World Literature Criticism. Detroit: Gale, 1992. Vol.6Richardson, Maurice. Bram Stoker. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Detroit: Gale, 1982. Vol.8Stoker, Bram. Dracula. London: Dent, J.M., 1993Wolf, Leonard. Bram Stoker. World Literature Criticism. Detroit: Gale, 1992.Vol.6

Strategic Planning free essay sample

The A-Team was contracted by Cango to provide recommendations for the management team to help improve their operations so the company can continue its success. During the initial analysis of CanGo’s operations it is evident the company is facing a series of deficiencies translating to the difficulties in maintaining a stable operating environment. CanGo’s small business mentality is getting the best you. There are several strategic recommendations we can provide CanGo that must be addressed immediately to assure its success. Most of CanGo’s success has simply happened by chance and no formal analysis has been conducted of the business which should be performed to point out certain aspects that may not be apparent to you. CanGo has no strategic plan to clearly identify what exactly your market will be, who your clientele base is and how to go about being a leader in their industry. A strategic plan is nothing more than a structured process that organizes and coordinates the activities of the managers who do the planning (hbr, 2012) and it encourages CanGo to answer the fundamental questions: Where do we plan to be X years from now, how to get there, what the cost will be? In thinking of the future, CanGo is at a crossroads and needs to understand the importance of creating a strategic plan for the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Planning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Elizabeth should meet with the board of directors to discuss their thoughts as to the company’s objectives and strategy. As previously mentioned and a key component of formulating a strategic plan includes the need for both a Mission and a Vision statement. The mission statement should clearly define the company’s purpose and objective. It provides everyone the opportunity of knowing what the company is about and helps pull the company together towards a cohesive goal. Furthermore, the strategic planning process enhances the company’s understanding of who their clients are. Being that CanGo has an extensive customer list, CanGo can request your customers to participate in a brief questionnaire to collect such demographic information as age, race, gender, education, income and other pertinent information CanGo would like to know to gain a better understanding of their clients’ and their needs. Additionally, a SWOT analysis will help even further by providing its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in its industry. This will give CanGo a clearer insight of how to achieve becoming an industry leader by learning more about yourself. The objective is to determine a strategy for the future and to improve the company’s overall performance. Strategic Planning free essay sample This write-up attempts to review what authors have written specifically on strategic marketing process; particularly their approach and personal philosophy vis-agrave;-vis this concept. Within the various approaches, it looks at the respective purpose and structure. Then onwards provide an analytical perspective on the SWOT analysis which seemingly, marketing gurus and authors embrace in their strategic plan in todays market environment. Review: Strategic Marketing Plan Doyle explains strategic marketing plan is concerned with adapting the organisation to a changing environment more effectively than their competitors. Organisation succeeds when they meet the needs of customers more effectively than their competitors (Doyle 2002, p. 92). The markets drivers for change (Drummond, Ensor 2003), some of which are far beyond the organisations sphere of control. Adaptability becomes an inextricable phenomenon in mainstream marketing environment. The organisation has to monitor key macroenvironmental variables (demographic, economic, technological, political, and socio-cultural) and microenvironment variables (customers, competitors, distributors, suppliers) that affect its ability to retain customers (Kotler, P. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Planning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2003). In order for it to achieve and enjoy a comparative advantage, the organisation executes a careful strategic planning, and using marketing strategies to achieve this aim (Dibb et al 2001). Hence, the notion of strategic marketing plan. Doyle advanced that a well defined strategy would incorporate the following: Scope of business; Objectives; Strategic business unit (SBU) identification; Resource allocation; Deeping sustainable advantage; Effective functional strategies (positioning, product line, price, promotion and distribution; synergy. The elements of synergy and SBU identification underlined by Doyle prove relevant to large organisations with diverse business units, products and target segments. It would serve a right purpose for management to be clear and exact about their choice of product, what business are they in,nand what business do they want to be. He supports his approach with the following diagram. According to Doyle, strategic focus looks at product profitability either by increasing productivity or increasing volume by market expansion and penetration as an objective for an organisation to pursue; a marketing strategy that have seen most UK supermarkets and departmental stores adopting in South East London, for instant the ASDA supermarket. Dibb et al posits the strategic marketing process is based on the establishment of organisational goals and must stay within the bounds of organisational opportunities and resources. They highlight a complex set of externalities including; political, legal, regulatory, societal and green, economic and competitive, and technological forces that border around the all popular notion of PEST (political, economic, social technological) analysis. The relationship between market opportunities and organisations goals and the availability of resources to match them in relation external forces is captured below in the diagram provided by Dibb et al (2001). The aforementioned understanding relates with that of Drummond and Ensor who also agree that the external analysis is the initial step in the process of establishing the key issues facing an organisation (2003, p. 34). Given that businesses operate in hostile and increasingly complex environment, it makes sense to try to bring some order to this chaos by understanding the commercial environment and bringing some strategic sense to the process of marketing products and services (Riley, J. G. 2005). Another distinctive element of the Dibb et al model is the focus on organisational opportunities and resources, which Doyle (2003) also highlights in his approach. A proper strategic marketing planning process would seek to identify the organisations opportunities that would be matched by the necessary and available resources. For instant a company willing to enter into a large buying consumer market like the United States of America would to seek competitive advantage over its competitors by matching adequate technological, economic, management resources. More so, Dibb et al further clarifying a major confusion over the misuse of termsstrategic marketing plan and marketing plan amongst students and marketing managers: Strategic marketing plan is a plan of all aspects of an organisations strategy in the market place marketing deals primarily with implementing marketing strategy as it relates to target markets and marketing mix (2001, p. 656). Brassington and Pettitt reiterate this distinction; strategic marketing plan deals with the total strategy in a market linking customers, competitors and organisational capability while the marketing plan is an operational element dealing with the marketing mix strategy that will be used to gained leverage in the market place (2003). Brassington and Pettitt model. The leverage in the market place is what Drummond and Ensor underline on their approach in the strategic marketing planning process as it: involves achieving a superior competitive position within a defined market. Essentially, it involves segmentation, targeting and positioning. This must address customers, competitors and internal corporate factors (2003, p. 14). Drummond and Ensor stress a strategic marketing plan should be relevant and sustainable (2003); an argument also adhered to and phrased by Doyle (2002) as sustainable differential advantage. In order for that to happen, the organisation must be competitive now and in the future and be able to accept change as an integral part of strategy (Drummond and Ensor 2003). Hiebaun (1997) underlines the fact that the strategy marketing plan demands a methodology to be followed and should begin with the companys forecast and objectives . According to him, forecast consists in answering the following question: If our market and environment tendency stays the same and continues, what will be our situation in the short, medium, and long term? We have to ask ourselves: Where is the company at right now? Where are we going? Where do we want to go? However, McDonalds (2003) cautions about the using of the forecasting system as they tend to project a current business into the future, which can work if the future is going to be the same as the present or the past; if not the business would result to lost opportunities for profit, unrealistic  objectives, wasted promotional expenditure, management frustration, growing vulnerability to changes in the business environment, just to name this few. Another drawback is that Hiebauns strategic marketing model assumes a fairly accurate forecasting, and does not take in to account unexpected events. In an uncertain world, long-term forecasts cannot relied upon with a high level of confidence; many firms would have to rely on scenario planning as a tool for dealing with multiple contingencies . Whereas the marketing planning process embodies a series of managerial steps, is not simply a series of action steps; it also embodies a set of values and assumptions which, while not being explicit, are nevertheless an integral part of the whole process (McDonald 1996, p. 11). He observes that an organisation would not change its value system or culture unless something very significant take place to make such a change worthwhile. Lancaster and Waddelow (1998) explore this lagging phenomenon of organisations to embrace the tenets of the all acclaimed strategic marketing plan in their study of small-to-medium-size-enterprises. They observe that the strategic scope of a marketing plan is a daunting task which creates two major barriers of perceptions in the minds of managing directors in small-to-medium-size-enterprises. It would take too much time to complete (providing poor return for the effort expended); it will be out of date by the time it is completed (wasting precious resources) (1998, p. 2). They advanced a new methodology for small-to-medium-size-enterprises that must motivate managing directors towards planning and provide for any lapses in their will and knowledge. Such a process should be simple and appropriate; a content that has meaning and resonance; a basis of continuous development and learning (Lancaster and Waddelow 1998). Whereas the representation of strategic marketing planning process proves useful in the world of academics, it is not necessarily the straightforward, linear sequential operation (McDonald 1996). SWOT ANALYSIS Definition SWOT is the acronym of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats; simply is an effective way of identifying your Strengths and Weaknesses, and of examining the Opportunities and Threats you face . It is a summary of the audit under the headings, internal strengths and weaknesses as they relate to external opportunities and threats (McDonald 2003, p. 48). Basically, a straightforward model that provides direction and serves as a basis for the development of marketing plans. This is accomplished by assessing an organizations strengths (what an organization can do) and weaknesses (what an organization cannot do) in addition to opportunities (potential favourable conditions for an organization) and threats (potential unfavourable conditions for an organization) . David Jobber sees it as a structured approach to evaluating the strategic position of a business by identifying its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat of the marketing audit (2004, p. 44). Strengths and weaknesses are essentially associated with the audit of the internal company whereas opportunities and threats stem primarily from the external environment (Lancaster, Massingham, Ashford 2002, p. 374). Purpose of the SWOT Analysis The purpose of strategy is to be really clear before you take the direction. The point of a SWOT analysis is to have the best shot at a grounded plan, says Rashi Glazer, co-director of the Centre for Marketing and Technology at the University of California at Berkeley . SWOT analysis provides the basis upon which later stages in the strategic marketing plan depend and be used to generate thoughts for clear problem definition (Lancaster, Massingham, Ashford 2002). It provides strong evidence about what the company should and should not try to set as marketing objectives (McDonald 2003). A scan of the internal and external environment is an important part of the strategic planning process. It provides information that is helpful in matching the firms resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates . That information would provide indicators that will assist the firm in accomplishing its objectives (a strength or opportunity), or if it indicates an obstacle that must be overcome or minimized to achieve desired results (weakness or threat) (Danca). The information that is used in a SWOT analysis exercise must be current and relevant to the firm; it should ensure that the following is completed : For strengths All strengths should be recognized and validated on a regular basis. The information can originate from internal evaluations by top management. A firms strengths are its resources and capabilities that can be used as a basis for developing a competitive advantage including; patents, strong brand names, good reputation amongst customers, cost advantage from proprietary know-how, exclusive access to high grade natural resources, favourable access to distribution networks (quickmba, online). For weaknesses A weakness could be lack of marketing expertise, undifferentiated products or services (i. e.  in relation to your competitors), location of your business, poor quality goods or services, or damaged reputation. For opportunities Track what is being published in press releases, magazines, and market research reports for the industry. Any mention of growth or continuous trends should be noted. An opportunity could be developing market such as the Internet, mergers, joint ventures or strategic alliances, moving into new market segments that offer impr oved profits, a new international market, a market vacated by an ineffective competitor. For threats Closely monitor press releases of competitors. The press releases can reveal what competitors are currently doing to be competitive in the industry. A threat could be: a new competitor in your home market, price wars with competitors, a competitor has a new, innovative product or service, competitors have superior access to channels of distribution or taxation is introduced on your product or service Davis (2004) suggests that information needed to conduct a proper analysis should be verified and updated before being sent to executives. Data that will be used for the analysis must reflect the current status of the industry. If the method of collecting information is flawed, the results of the analysis will be incorrect and hence provide an assessment that can be poor and lack the proper insight to make the right decisions. Cautioning Overtime, market experts have warned about the seemingly over simplistic approached usually incorporated into the strategic marketing planning. Jobber noted strengths such as I have an old established firm, We are a larger supplier, We are technologically advanced should be questioned for their impact on customer satisfaction (2004, p. 44). A considerable improvement is needed in the way SWOT framework is understood, and used, by many organizations . Koch (2000) further suggests that in appraising effects of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses, emphasis should be put on their combined effects, rather than on the effects of individual factors in isolation from one another. Appropriate rules must be developed and observed in every SWOT analysis if it is to produce reliable inputs into strategy generation. Koch developed what he referred as the SECURE model (shown below) aimed at circumventing what he described as various SWOT malpractices. The following explanation about the SECURE model as advanced by Koch (2000): The first rule is that boundaries and structure of the market, and their anticipated changes, should be well defined. The second rule demands that all changes in the companys environment capable of influencing this company future performance be included in its SWOT analysis. One should stress here that a multiple-scenario approach to strategic planning would require a multiple SWOT inventory development at each, or at least some, organizational levels. The third rule, trends in the companys external and internal environments should be presented clearly. If, for instance, the long-term survival of the automotive industry depends on its adoption of a new propelling system for a future car, a system that would be more environmentally friendly, and increasingly based on renewable, or more abounding, sources of energy, a superior ability of car-making companies to make progress in this direction would be of critical strategic importance today. The fourth rule, companys competitive environments, their structure, forms, scope and intensity of competition should be properly examined and presented. Again, one should aim for precision of reference in all these respects. For instance, referring broadly to a company as one involved in telecommunication may be quite inadequate, while referring to it as involved in facilitating transmission of certain kind of data to certain categories of customers in certain geographic regions will make it possible to ascertain, and name, all possible opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses. Aiming for a high level of precision in making ones reference sufficiently specific should not come, however, at the cost of blurring the big picture of the market. One should always try and make sure that strategic analysts overlook neither trees nor woods. The fifth rule, a clear reference to an anticipated state of the future company internal and external environment should be made. If SWOT analysis is done in absence of such a background, the verification of claims concerning individual strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats can be either difficult or virtually impossible. Thus, organizations need to formulate their possible future scenarios clearly and completely. Analysis of the potential significance of the various organization strengths and weaknesses in various possible future situations is obviously capable of enhancing SWOT analysis quite considerably. The sixth rule, a clear reference to future strategic objectives and strategies is required in every SWOT analysis. Failure to do so will make the evaluation of scenario-specific relative importance of individual strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats quite perplexing and much harder, if at all feasible. One should acknowledge that their significance depends, among other things, on what strategies are going to be implemented by the company. SWOT-TOWS PARADIGM IN ACTION Once a SWOT analysis has been completed, thought can be driven to how to turn weaknesses into strengths and threats into opportunities. For example, a perceived weakness in customer care might call for staff training to create a new strength. Also, a threat posed by a new entrant might call for a strategic alliance to combine the strengths of both parties to exploit a new opportunity. By dint of the fact that these activities are designed to convert weaknesses into strengths and threats into opportunities, they are called conversion strategies (Jobber 2004, p. 44). Jobber also suggests that another way to use a SWOT analysis is to match strength with opportunities; a strategy which he termed matching strategies (2004). The diagram below illustrates both strategic phenomena. A similar illustration is that presented by in an online article as shown below. The S-O Strategies pursue opportunities that are good to fit to the companys strengths. W-O Strategies overcome weaknesses to pursue opportunities. Strategies identify ways the firm can use its strengths to reduce its vulnerability to external threats. W-T Strategies establish a defensive plan to prevent firms weaknesses from making its highly susceptible to external threats. An example of how the strengths can be used to exploit new opportunities is the move by Dixons into internet service provision (Jobber 2004). Two of Dixons strengths were its credibility as a supplier of PCs and its larger customer base. Dixons leveraged these strengths to exploit the growth in internet usage by creating a free internet portal, Freeserve. There was no need to advertise its service at a huge expense because a large traffic of PC users already passed through its stores. All Dixons had to do was stick up posters in its stores and handout a free CD-ROM to anyone who was interested. The SWOT analysis would vary from company to another, nonetheless in formulating marketing strategies, it should provide answers to such questions as what do customers need, how do they buy, what our competitors are doing, and how well we are performing against customer needs. McDonald provides some pertinent guidelines for completing the SWOT analysis of major products or market that would serve to generate good marketing objectives and strategies: Critical Success Factors Critical success factors as referred to by McDonald are such factors as product performance, breadth of services, speed of service, low cost just to name this few, are often the most important factors that should be looked at. Besides, identify other suppliers to the same segment, and provide answers as to why the company can succeed. It would result to some key issues to be included in the marketing objectives. Summary of Opportunities and Threats A statement how environmental influencers such as the PEST (Political, Economic, Social Technological) have affected the targeting segment. Key Issues to Address Having done the foregoing, some key issues to be addressed would emerge. Assumptions, Marketing Objectives, Marketing Strategies Assumptions relating to each particular product or market segment under consideration can now be made and objectives set. Competitor Analysis The findings from the audit become relevant at this stage. Each competitor sales and share for the market or product under consideration should be indicated. The company should be able to measure the business strategies and directions of its competitors. Whatever the companys strategic marketing and objectives are, Hiebaun (1997) postulates, they should be measurable qualitatively and quantitatively; reachable; perfectly described and accepted by the people involved. Strategic planning free essay sample Strategic planning is an important and vital part in running an organization for a variety of reasons. Strategic planning provides structure for all of the benefiting parties, whether it is the shareholders, executives, upper management or part time employees. Strategic planning allows everyone to be on the same page as far as where the organization is headed, it also helps employees understand the overall direction the organization. Part of the strategic planning process is utilizing all the tools necessary to make informed and educated decisions. At â€Å"Spot Fix†, we plan on taking advantage of all the tools necessary to run a business. Using these tools, Spot Fix plans on taking the automotive repair industry by storm by providing a service that has never been offered before. The vision statement for Spot Fix focuses not only on the future of the company, but the future of the automotive repair industry as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic planning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The vision statement of Spot Fix is as follows, â€Å"Within the next 5 years, Spot Fix will be the leading automotive repair company, bringing annual revenues to 10 million and will become nationally known as the most trustworthy and efficient auto repair organization. Having this big picture goal displayed in every office will help keep the employees motivated in their day to day endeavors. The mission statement is also another tool used in the beginning of the strategic plan to guide the activities of Spot Fix, explain the complete goal of the organization and provide a clear view of where the company wants to be. It is the mission of Spot Fix to provide consumers the best possible automotive repair service possible. With the expertise of our staff, we look to educate the consumer on our procedures in order to gain their trust and their future business. Our fast and friendly service will be unmatched by our competitors. We ensure this by having an extensive background check and testing for all of our employees. Organizations values are also an important aspect of the strategic plan. When the values of Spot Fix are clearly represented by the employee, it makes it easier for the consumer to give Spot Fix their business. Gaining the trust of the community is just one of the many steps for a successful company. Spot Fix plans on getting involved in the community by sponsoring charity events, scholarships to local students and other things of that nature. Spot Fix also demonstrates its values by taking care of their employees as well. Taking a genuine interest in the employee’s welfare will ultimately bring in more business. Happy employee’s is a high priority for Spot Fix. Another important tool to use is called a SWOTT analysis. .SWOTT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats and Trends. Specifically, SWOT is a basic, straightforward model that assesses what an organization can and cannot do as well as its potential opportunities and threats. The method of SWOT analysis is to take the information from an environmental analysis and separate it into internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (opportunities and threats). Once this is completed, SWOT analysis determines what may assist the firm in accomplishing its objectives, and what obstacles must be overcome or minimized to achieve desired results. (Investopedia, 2012) Below is a SWOTT analysis for Spot Fix. As you can see, the tables presented provide the internal strengths and weaknesses for Spot Fix, as well as the external threats, opportunities and trends. Within each table, a detailed outline is given describing specific items corresponding with the title of the table. For example, a potential weakness within Spot Fix will be finding dependable employees that possess certain qualifications. Alternatively, a strength within Spot Fix is the convenience that is given to the customer because of the nature of the industry. A SWOTT analysis helps benefiting parties to overcome obstacles and capitalize on the organizations strengths.

Community Issues Essay Topics - Writing Good Essays For Your College or University

Community Issues Essay Topics - Writing Good Essays For Your College or UniversityWhen you go through a college and get accepted into the school you dream of attending, you have to prepare for a successful career as well as the first steps to become a community service student. When you do this in a classroom, you are not getting to know other students who have come from diverse backgrounds. You are not getting to know them well enough to help with their problems, not knowing they may need your assistance and not knowing that you may be able to help them. On the other hand, through writing a community issue's essay, you will be able to share your thoughts and feelings with others, and that helps you understand other people.One of the great things about writing community issues essays is that you can take any topic that you think will be very useful for all of your fellow students and just look at it. For example, one of the community issues that is currently causing trouble in a coll ege campus is drug abuse. In fact, many schools are beginning to institute drug testing of students in an effort to reduce the problem. However, is it possible to test the student body for drug use in an effective manner? How can drug testing be done so that it does not cause much disruption in the learning process?First, let us look at the effects of prescription drugs on the brain. Some drugs are used to treat conditions that are only temporary such as anorexia, but there are also drugs used to make people high which is not so safe for them. People are also given these drugs without knowing they have any side effects.Secondly, many students feel that they can take these drugs because they are not taking them in their state of mind. When you take prescription drugs, it is your way of coping with certain things in your life. The drugs are there to help you cope with what you cannot handle.There are other drugs that are prescribed by doctors and are not addictive such as anti-depress ants. But these are considered to be 'classically' addictive and are now prohibited in many schools and colleges. These drugs are usually kept in clear sight in the vicinity of the students and this is supposed to keep them from abusing them. Students often try to push the limits of drug use by using drugs to help them overcome the depression caused by being out of school.The use of drugs as a solution to drug abuse is very much affected by the amount of time a person has been out of school. Students who are diagnosed with drug dependency may not even be able to complete their studies. Another problem with drugs and learning is that when they are taken, you lose all of your faculties.There are many things that can be done to prevent drug abuse and prescription drugs in schools. An example is that most universities allow the use of drugs to help with studies, but not when the student is experiencing withdrawal symptoms or has stopped the medicine.To prevent drug abuse, schools should have an office of drug and alcohol education. This will allow the students to feel safe and secure in the classroom and at home. They will be able to discuss the dangers of abusing drugs, whether it is prescription drugs taken to help them with their depression. This will also help people understand how to avoid abusing drugs.